Post-tsunami Reconstruction and Rehabilitation in Sri Lanka

After the 2004 tsunami devastated Sri Lanka, Practical Action launched a project to help affected communities rebuild homes, restore livelihoods, and improve health and infrastructure. Over 160 permanent houses were built with local materials using cost-effective, disaster-resistant techniques like rat-trap bond masonry and filler slab roofing. Each house includes a smoke-free hearth to improve indoor air quality and can be expanded later. Local communities participated in planning and construction, and over 300 masons received hands-on training.
The project supported economic recovery by helping more than 200 small entrepreneurs restart or create businesses, such as fishing, weaving, handicrafts, and eco-sanitation products. Solar fish dryers, rainwater harvesting tanks, biogas units, and small wind and solar energy systems were introduced to reduce costs, improve sustainability, and cut energy use. Waste management initiatives created jobs in recycling and composting, while 114 eco-toilets and over 1,200 compost bins improved sanitation.
Environmental impacts were reduced by using locally sourced materials, cutting the need for steel, concrete, and asbestos by about 30%. Improved brick kilns halved fuel use and sped up production. Rainwater harvesting and solid waste recycling further protected resources.
Socially, the project strengthened community organisations by involving them in construction, supervision, and monitoring. Vulnerable groups like widows and the elderly received priority housing. “Build Back Better” principles reduced future risks while creating skills, income, and ownership within communities.
By blending housing reconstruction with livelihood development, training, and sustainable technologies, the project not only replaced what was lost but also left communities more resilient and self-reliant. Its methods and technologies have been adopted by local and international NGOs, serving as a model for future post-disaster recovery efforts.